Cheers, Michael Huhns MCC
CONCEPT-SYSTEMS CATALOGUE
Fritz Lehmann 145 Exeter, Irvine, CA 92715 USA (714)725-9057 [rarely accessed email: fritz@rodin.wustl.edu]
This is to be an informal catalogue of existing concept catalogues and hierarchies (including high level "ontologies") for possible use in knowledge representation, artificial intelligence, and database integration. Anybody can contribute (and be acknowledged). Each concept system is described (in a page or less) with some references and other information. I hope to be inclusive, with emphasis on machine-readable/usable concept (and relation) hierarchies.
Some people think there is ONE concept system for the true structure of the world. Others like me think pragmatic concerns (subjective or socially agreed-upon) may dictate different structures. Most "ontologies" have large areas of near-agreement on concepts like time, space, individuals, properties, etc. Technical thesauri deal with more specific subject areas like accounting, subfields of medicine, or plumbing fixtures. Philosophical concepts are necessary but controversial; some concepts like "check-stub" are quite uncontroversial. Formalized or not, two aspects of every system are: its purely mathematical (order) structure, and the meanings of its components. Notation or language is incidental to both.
The page ordering, for now, is vaguely chronological. It must be emphasized that only rarely is a concept in one system genuinely the same as a concept with the same name in another system. Please let me know about ANY OTHER concept-systems you know about, or at least give a reference. [I started this Nov. 20, 1992 for the "PEIRCE project" (a cooperative international implementation of a Conceptual Graphs inferential database processing sytem, initiated by Gerard Ellis and Robert Levinson), with a mental list of 84 systems beginning with Aristotle's.]
ARISTOTLE'S CATEGORIES LEIBNIZ' CHARACTERISTICA UNIVERSALIS LODWYCK'S COMMON WRITING DALGARNO'S ARS SIGNORUM WILKINS' PHILOSOPHICAL LANGUAGE LINNAEUS BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY (ANONYMOUS) UNIVERSAL CHARACTER CAVE BECK KANT'S CATEGORIES ROGET'S THESAURUS PEIRCE'S CATEGORIES BOLZANO MEINONG BRADLEY HUSSERL'S ONTOLOGY PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA WHITEHEAD'S PROCESS THEORY BASIC ENGLISH LIESNIEWSKI'S MEREOLOGY SEMANTOGRAPHY SYMBOLS RICHENS/MASTERMAN/WILKS SEMANTIC PRIMITIVES CECCATO'S CORRELATION NET PRIMITIVES INGARTEN'S ARISTOTLE REVISION LINCOS INTERPLANETARY LANGUAGE R.M. MARTIN'S SEMIOTIC PRIMITIVES COLON CLASSIFICATION - FACETED DEEP CASE SYSTEMS LOGLAN/LOJBAN PRIMITIVES LAFFAL'S CONCEPT DICTIONARY CONCEPTUAL DEPENDENCY THEORY ACM COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASSIFICATION PARKER-RHODES' INFERENTIAL SEMANTICS LATTICES WIERZBICKA'S LINGUA MENTALIS KAMP'S DISCOURSE REPRESENTATION STRUCTURES HAYES' NAIVE PHYSICS EXPLANATORY-COMBINATORY DICTIONARY (MEANING-TEXT) MeSH - MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS CATALOGUE THE HOLOTHEME AM/EURISKO MATH CATEGORIES CONCEPTUAL GRAPHS PRIMITIVES SITUATION SEMANTICS SCHUBERTIAN ("ECO") SUBHIERARCHIES QUALITATIVE PHYSICS PRIMITIVES SMITH-MULLIGAN ONTOLOGY SIMONS' PART SYSTEM SMALLTALK DATA TYPE TREE OBJECTIVE-C (NeXTSTEP) DATA TYPE TREE RESEDA ONTOLOGY GRAESSER'S MULTIPLE CONCEPT HIERARCHIES LONGMAN DICTIONARY CODINGS (INCL. SLATOR) LONGMAN'S THESAURUS THE WORDTREE PENMAN UPPER MODEL SPARCK JONES/BOGURAEV DEEP CASE LIST COOK ONTOLOGY DIXON ONTOLOGY VARIOUS WILLE CONCEPT LATTICES RUSSIAN MERONOMY SOMERS' CASE GRID CHAFFIN'S RELATION HIERARCHY CYC PROJECT EPSTEIN AM-BASED GRAPH THEORY HIERARCHY MARTY'S SEMIOTIC LATTICES IRDS DATABASE CATEGORIES VELARDI'S SEMANTIC LEXICON ONTEK ONTOLOGY LAKOFF'S CATEGORIES HUHNS & STEPHENS RELATION FEATURES WORDNET EDR CONCEPT DICTIONARY DOUDNA QUANTIFIER RHOMBIDODECAHEDRON NIRENBURG'S DIONYSUS ONTOLOGY SCHUBERT'S EPISODIC LOGIC CATEGORIES UNITRAN-LCS RELATIONAL LEXICON HIERARCHY SUMM SKUCE ONTOLOGY PETRI ONTOLOGIES TEPFENHART ONTOLOGY PLINIUS CERAMICS ONTOLOGY RANDELL & COHN'S SPATIOTEMPORAL LATTICES HARTLEY'S TIME AND SPACE WORLD ONTOLINGUA-KIF DICK'S CASE-RELATION SYSTEM
SUGGESTED FORMAT: Brief description, Example, Formalized?, Abstract hierarchy structure, Necessary/sufficient?, References, Current authorities or enthusiasts, Machine- readable text?, Machine-usable structure?, Source, FTP site?, Implementations? .