WORKSHOP ON DEEP KNOWLEDGE ENTERPRISE MODELLING (during the Second International Conference on Conceptual Structures)
August 19th, 1994
University of Maryland - College Park, MD
AIMS AND SCOPE
Software applications for industry are receiving a good deal of critique recently from their users, who perceive them as old, immature and out of sync with the current directions in computing. In approaching this issue, industry solution providers are more and more making use of complex product and process models, that are able to drive large sections of the enterprise in an increasingly automatic manner. (By 'models' we understand 'explicit, active models', that can be accessed by other software modules without or with minimal human intervention.) Standards have been elaborated for dealing with the diversity of modelling techniques and the many conflicts among models. PDES/STEP and ANSI IRDS are among the best known, but many others exist, that cover specific areas of industrial information. Due to the extensive use of standards, enterprise modelling is becoming the keystone of the new generation of software tools for the industrial sector. Despite elaborate and large models used by the new, 'open', enterprise solutions, the applications using them have no easy way to access and manipulate the wealth of information imbedded in models. This is due to the lack of formal semantics that can be processed directly by machines. Thus, applications with heavy, complex modules, that hard-code manipulations of models according to their intended meaning, are the norm today. The purpose of this workshop is to investigate the formalization, storage and management of the deep knowledge associated with enterprise models. Conceptual graphs are an attractive solution, due to their semantic power, ease of human use and computer processability. Other systems of logic are equally interesting though. EXPRESS, defined by the PDES/STEP standards committees, is also attractive for product data exchange and other, more general, purposes. We will try to better understand how different knowledge representation methods can be used in the analysis, translation and integration of enterprise models. From conceptual design to database and inference engines for semantically rich models, from ontology and taxonomies as reference models to contextual analysis, this workshop will debate any method or technique susceptible to being a solution to the next generation enterprise modelling tools. Papers are invited in (but not limited to) the following areas of enterprise knowledge modeling: - knowledge representation of deep semantics - conceptual design (intuitiveness vs. processability) - semantic enhancement of simple enterprise models - Conceptual Graphs and EXPRESS - ontology, taxonomies, reference models - deep knowledge sharing (product/process information exchange) - contextual analysis enterprise models - the model driven enterprise concept and implementation - automatic semantic model translation - integration of models and contexts - modularity of contexts - database and inference engines for deep knowledge - enterprise model integration
SUBMISSIONS
Authors should send an extended abstract of their proposed submission, no longer than 2 pages single-spaced, with the names and complete addresses (including e-mail and FAX #, if possible) of all authors on the first page. Abstracts should be received by June 15th 1994. Electronic mail submissions (to both chairmen) are strongly encouraged, with only plain ASCII text files accepted. Alternatively, 5 copies of the abstract should be mailed to either of the program co-chairmen.
Authors will be notified of acceptance of their papers by July 5th 1994.
The final version of the accepted papers should be received in camera ready format no later than August 5 1994. The following guidelines should be followed: - Length: 10-20 pages, not numbered, and single-spaced - Printing Area: up to 6.5'' x 9'' (i.e. about 16.5cm x 23cm) - Font: 12pt (preferably Computer Modern or Times Roman) - First Page: title, authors (name/affiliation/address), abstract (100-200 words long) and up to 5 keywords Authors are suggested to use the LaTeX article style.
IMPORTANT DATES
Abstract submission: June 15, 1994 Notification of acceptance: July 5, 1994 Camera ready papers due: August 5, 1994
SOFTWARE DEMONSTRATIONS
Proposals for software demonstration are encouraged, and should be submitted no later than July 15th, 1994.
FEES
A US $35.00 fee will be charged to all attendees. This will include refreshments during the workshop break and a copy of the proceedings. A student fee of US $25.00 is available.
WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS
Alex Bejan E-mail: alex_bejan@vnet.ibm.com IBM Corporation, 6AMA/1211 1000 NW 51st Street Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
Michel Wermelinger E-mail: mw@fct.unl.pt Departamento de Informatica Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2825 Monte da Caparica PORTUGAL
Second International Conference on CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES ICCS'94
August 16-20, 1994 University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
ADVANCE PROGRAM 10th Anniversary Meeting
Conceptual graphs (cgs) comprise a representational language which consists of a logic with a graph notation. It integrates several features from semantic net and frame representations as well. Research teams around the world are working on the application and extension of cgs theory in many domains. This conference is the forum in which cgs researchers report their progress. Domains featured this year are natural language processing, data base modeling, and knowledge representation for expert systems. As well, the conference will support three special interest workshops: PEIRCE: A Conceptual Graph Workbench, Knowledge Acquisition Using Conceptual Graph Theory, and Deep Knowledge Enterprise Modeling.
Sponsored by: l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada Unisys AAAI University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College of Library and Information Services AT & T Bell Laboratories Sun Systems
WELCOME TO ICCS'94
This year we will celebrate the tenth anniversary of "Conceptual structures: Information processing in mind and machine" (Sowa, 1984) and ten years of development in both the theory and application of conceptual graphs (cgs). ICCS'94 marks a turning point as we move into our second decade. We present for your consideration a program of quality and diversity. Outstanding speakers will present a retrospective of the last ten years and their views on the future. A selection of very high quality papers will be presented covering, among other subjects, general problem solving, knowledge engineering, natural language understanding, formal languages and contexts.
ICCS'93, last year at Laval, signaled our coming of age. It bound our European and North American communities with our Australian and Asian contingents. We hope to build on that foundation.
We anticipate that ICCS'94 will be the cornerstone of development in the next decade. It will be an event you will not want to miss, where the future promise of cgs will be outlined and the real challenges to come will be highlighted. In line with our focus on future development, we shall place special emphasis on student and first-time participants. We look forward to welcoming you to the Washington area and to sharing with you a stimulating new-year celebration.
Judith P. Dick William Tepfenhart
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Honorary Chair John F. Sowa State Univ. of New York sowa@turing.pacss.binghamton.edu
General Chair Judith P. Dick Univ. of Maryland dick@glue.umd.edu
Program Chair William Tepfenhart AT&T Bell Laboratories bill@violin.att.com
European Coordinator Pavel Kocura Loughborough Univ. of Technology P.Kocura@lut.ac.uk
Peirce Workshop Chair Gerard Ellis Univ. of Queensland ged@cs.uq.oz.au
Knowledge Acquisition Workshop Chair D. Lukose Univ. of New England lukose@peirce.une.edu.au
Enterprise Modeling Workshop Chair Alex Bejan IBM Corporation bejan@vnet.IBM.COM
Alex Bejan, IBM Corp. Barbara Brunson, Scarborough College Univ. Michel Chein, LIRMM Peter Creasy, Univ. of Queensland Veronica Dahl, Simon Fraser Univ. Harry Delugach, Univ. of Alabama Bonnie Dorr, Univ. of Maryland John Eddy, AT&T Bell Laboratories Bruno Emond, Univ. du Quebec John Esch, Paramax Jean Fargues, IBM Corp. Timothy Finin, Univ. of Maryland Norman Foo, Univ. of Sydney Helen Gigley, Naval Research Laboratory James Hampton, City Univ. of London John Heaton, Loughborough Univ. of Techn. Jim Hendler, Univ. of Maryland Graeme Hirst, Univ. of Toronto Fritz Lehman, GRANDAI Software Guy Mineau, Univ. Laval Quebec City Robert Mohr, PRC Bernard Moulin, Univ. Laval Quebec City M. L. Mugnier, LIRMM Sung Myaeng, Syracuse Univ. Peter Oehrstroem, Alborg Univ. Ghassan Qada, AT&T Bell Laboratories Stephen Regoczei, Trent Univ. Doug Skuce, Univ. of Ottawa Dagobert Soergel, Univ. of Maryland Eileen Way, SUNY, Binghamton Amy Weinberg, Univ. of Maryland M. H. Williams, Heriot-Watt Univ.
CONFERENCE OVERVIEW
Tuesday, August 16 8:00 - 9:00 Registration 9:00 - 9:30 Welcome Address 9:30 - 10:30 Opening Address - Eileen Way 11:00 - 11:30 Session 1 12:00 - 1:30 Lunch 1:30 - 2:30 Session 2 3:00 - 3:30 Session 3 4:30 - 5:30 Panel Discussion 5:30 Reception
Wednesday, August 17 8:00 - 9:15 Registration 9:00 - 10:30 Session 4 11:00 - 12:00 Invited Talk - Pat Hayes 12:00 - 1:30 Lunch 1:30 - 2:30 Session 5 3:00 - 5:00 Session 6
Thursday, August 18 8:00 - 9:00 Registration/Officers Meeting 9:00 - 10:30 Session 7 11:00 - 12:00 Invited Talk - Jack Minker 12:00 - 1:30 Lunch 1:30 - 3:00 Session 8 3:30 - 4:30 Closing Address - John Sowa 4:30 - 5:00 General Meeting 5:30 Buffet Reception
Friday, August 19 8:00 - 9:00 Registration 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Third PEIRCE Workshop: A Conceptual Graph Workbench 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Knowledge Acquisition Using Conceptual Graph Theory
Saturday, August 20 8:00 - 9:00 Registration 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Third PEIRCE Workshop: A Conceptual Graph Workbench 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Enterprise Modeling
INVITED TALKS
EILEEN WAY, SUNY at Binghamton "Conceptual Graphs - Past, Present, and Future"
Pay Hayes, Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois "Aristotelian and Platonic Views of Knowledge Representation" Jack Minker, University of Maryland at College Park "Deductive Databases - A Retrospective"
John F. Sowa, SUNY at Binghamton "Representations of Representations"
CONFERENCE PROGRAM
Tuesday August 16 8:00 - 9:00 Registration 9:00 - 9:30 Welcome Address and Conference Opening 9:30 - 10:30 Opening Address - "Conceptual Graphs - Past, Present, and Future" Eileen Way, (USA) 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break Session 1: Rational Problem Solving 11:00 - 11:30 "A Rational Goal-Seeking Agent Using Conceptual Graphs" G. Mann (Australia) 11:30 - 12:00 "Attitudes: Keys to Problem Identification" W. Tepfenhart (USA) 12:00 - 1:30 Lunch Session 2: Natural Language I 1:30 - 2:00 "Pragmatic Semantics by Conceptual Graphs" M. Willems (The Netherlands) 2:00 - 2:30 "The Temporal Structure of a Discourse and Verb Tense Determination" B. Moulin, S. Dumas (Canada) 2:30 - 3:00 Coffee Break Session 3: Natural Language II 3:00 - 3:30 "Extracting Explicit and Implicit Knowledge from Natural Language Texts" J. Sykes, V. Konstantinou, P. Morse (United Kingdom) 3:30 - 4:00 "Linguistic Processing of Text for a Large-scale Conceptual Retrieval System" S. Myaeng, C. Khoo, M. Li (USA) 4:00 - 4:30 "Multilingual Analyzer of Medical Texts" A.-M. Rassinoux, R. Baud, J.-R. Scheer (Switzerland) 4:30 - 5:30 Panel Discussion: Conceptual Graphs in Natural Language 5:30 Reception
Wednesday August 17 8:00 - 9:00 Registration Session 4: Knowledge Representation and Applications 9:00 - 9:15 "Conceptual Graphs and Manufacturing Process" D. Boning, M. McIlrath (USA) 9:15 - 9:45 "Knowledge Visualization from Conceptual Structures" W. Cyre, S. Balachandar, A. Thaka (USA) 9:45 - 10:00 "A Cooperative Program for the Construction of a Concept Type Lattice" M. Chein, M. Leclerc (France) 10:00 - 10:30 "An Object-Oriented Logic for Conceptual and Contextual Programming: The PROLOG++ Language" A. Kabbaj, C. Frasson, M. Kaltenback, J.Y. Djamen (Canada) 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break 11:00 - 12:00 Invited Talk - "Aristotelian and Platonic Views of Knowledge Representation" Pat Hayes (USA) 12:00 - 1:30 Lunch Session 5: Conceptual Graph Theory 1:30 - 2:00 "Basic Conceptual Structures Theory" M. Wermelinger, J. Lopes (Portugal) 2:00 - 2:30 "Views, Mappings and Functions: Essential Definitions of the Conceptual Graph Theory" G. Mineau (Canada) 2:30 - 3:00 Coffee Break Session 6: Contexts and Canons 3:00 - 3:25 "Contexts and Concepts, Abstract Duals" J. Esch (USA) 3:25 - 3:45 "Contexts, Canons, and Coreferent Types" J. Esch (USA) 3:45 - 4:15 "Using Contexts to Represent Text" J. Dick (USA) 4:15 - 4:30 "Constrained Line of Identity: An Approach to Conditional Joins" H. Delugach, T. Hink (USA) 4:30 - 4:45 "Identification of coreferences with Conceptual Graphs" S. Shankaranarayanan, W. Cyre (USA) 4:30 - 5:00 "Similarities of Microtheory and Conceptual Graphs Contexts" J. Esch (USA) Thursday August 18 8:00 - 9:00 Registration/Officers Meeting Session 7: Data Modeling 9:00 - 9:30 "UDS: A Universal Data Structure" R. Levinson (USA) 9:30 - 9:45 "Conceptual Graphs as a Canonical Data Model" P. Creasy (Australia) 9:45 - 10:00 "Some Peircean Problems Regarding Graphs for Time and Modality" P. Oehrstroem (Denmark), J. Schmidt (Czech Republic), H. van den Berg (The Netherlands) 10:00 - 10:30 "Inference Systems for Conceptual Graphs" B. Chosh, V. Wuwongse (Thailand) 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break 11:00 - 12:00 Invited Talk - "Deductive Databases - A Retrospective" J. Minker (USA) 12:00 - 1:30 Lunch Session 8: Conceptual Graphs and Data Conceptual Modeling 1:30 - 2:00 "Exploiting the Induced Order on Type-Labeled Graphs for Fast Knowledge Retrieval" G. Ellis (Australia), F. Lehman (USA) 2:00 - 2:15 "Adaptive Relational Storage for Conceptual Graphs" P. Bowen, P. Kocura (United Kingdom) 2:15 - 2:30 "A Class of Conceptual Graphs with Polynomial Iso-projection" M. Linquere (France) 2:30 - 3:00 "Conceptual Graphs for Relational Databases Standardization" B. Barbonneil, O. Haemmerle (France) 3:00 - 3:30 Coffee Break 3:30 - 4:30 Closing Address - "Representations of Representation" John Sowa (USA) 4:30 - 5:00 General Meeting 5:30 Buffet Reception
Friday August 19 8:00 - 9:00 Registration 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Third PEIRCE Workshop: A Conceptual Graph Workbench 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop 2: Knowledge Acquisition Using Conceptual Graph Theory Saturday August 20 8:00 - 9:00 Registration 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Third PEIRCE Workshop: A Conceptual Graph Workbench 9:00 - 5:00 Workshop: Deep Knowledge Enterprise Modeling
WORKSHOPS
1. Third PEIRCE Workshop: A Conceptual Graph Workbench Chairperson: G. Ellis (Australia) PEIRCE is an international project, the purpose of which is to integrate conceptual graph tool and application development. We shall discuss implementation techniques for conceptual graphs, including databases, programs, language standards, workbench programing standards, dictionaries, and graphical user interfaces. Applications and requirements for natural language processing, information systems engineering, software engineering, and machine learning will be included as well.
2. Knowledge Acquisition using Conceptual Graph Theory Chairperson: D. Lukose (Australia) The major issues to be discussed at the workshop are when, how, and where particular knowledge acquisition paradigms work successfully. Consequently, this discussion will focus on the prototypical knowledge structures requisite for the knowledge acquisition process, the CG operators, and the different knowledge processing activities that will enable the encoding of the domain knowledge into knowledge base systems. A better understanding of "when," "how," and "where" questions will no doubt help to lay a solid foundation for development of new knowledge acquisition paradigms based on conceptual graph theory.
3. Deep Knowledge Enterprise Modeling Chairperson: A. Bejan (USA) The purpose of the Deep Knowledge Enterprise Modeling Workshop is to investigate the formalization, storage and management of knowledge for enterprise models. Conceptual graphs are attractive due to their semantic power, ease of use, and processability, but other systems of logic are equally interesting. Participants will debate any method or technique that may bring a solution to the next generation enterprise information modeling tools.
INVITED TALKS
"Conceptual Graphs - Past, Present, and Future" Eileen Way, State University of New York at Binghamton. August 16, 9:30 - 10:30
It has been ten years since John Sowa's book "Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine" was first published. Since that time, the representational language known as Conceptual Graphs has been adopted by researchers all over the world for a wide variety of tasks. This tenth anniversary is an appropriate time to look at the growth and evolution of conceptual graphs, the changes in the field of knowledge representation, and the significance of the kind of ontological engineering involved in representing knowledge for intelligent systems.
"Aristotelian and Platonic Views of Knowledge Representation." Pat Hayes, Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois. August 17, 11:00 - 12:00
Conventional semantic accounts of knowledge representation systems use the jargon of contemporary mathematics to describe possible interpretations. While this is about as clear a language as one can hope to get for purposes of mathematical analysis, it leaves open an important philosophical question. Does mathematics describe a Platonic world of abstractions, or is it an idealized Aristotelian language for describing the actual world? For example, a "model" in model theory is defined as consisting of a set of individuals with various relational structures and certain recursive mappings from formal expressions. If one takes a Platonic view, these models are mathematical abstractions only tenuously connected to most real domains of application; but in an Aristotelian view, such a model might itself be a piece of the physical world. I hope to show that these different philosophical perspectives, which have been responsible for much recent debate, yield different intuitions on several technical issues, such as the significance of completeness theorems, the relationship between first-order and higher-order languages, and the relevance of "grounding" in fixing the meaning of knowledge representational formalisms.
"Deductive Databases - A Retrospective" Jack Minker, University of Maryland at College Park August 18, 11:00 - 12:00
Starting approximately in 1978, deductive databases grew out of logic programming. We discuss some of the contributions that have been made to this field since that date. We emphasize the relationship between deductive databases and knowledge base systems. The role of integrity constraints both to support updates, and for semantic query optimization and cooperative answering, is discussed. Contributions to the semantics of deductive databases and implementations of such systems are also discussed. Finally, some directions for future developments are specified.
"Representations of Representations" John F. Sowa, State University of New York at Binghamton August 18, 3:30 - 4:30
Since physical objects cannot be stored in computer memory, every program that interacts with the world must use abstract representations that serve as surrogates for the external objects. C. S. Peirce's theory of signs or semiotics provides an architectonic of categories for classifying and relating the various representations to the world and to each other. His three-way distinction of icon (imagelike representation that is similar to or homomorphic to some aspect of the object, index (pointer, address, or other physical mechanism for finding an object), and symbol (name or conventional association) helps to clarify many of the ongoing controversies about imagelike vs. symbolic representations. His system of interrelated signs provides the logical and philosophical foundation for the "symbol grounding" issues about how symbols are related to the world and for the metalevel issues of how symbols are related to other symbols. In this talk, we review some of the ongoing controversies in AI, summarize Peirce's theory of signs, and appliy that theory to an analysis and clarification of the issues.
CONFERENCE LOCATION
ICCS'94 will be held at the Inn and Conference Center at the University of Maryland, College Park. Nine miles from the Nation's capital, College Park sits at the doorstep of some of the country's most important landmarks, monuments and institutions - from the United States Capitol, the White House and the Smithsonian to the Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial and the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. College Park is only a short drive from Baltimore - a great historical city famed for its arts and architecture, National Aquarium and colorful Inner Harbor - and Annapolis, the state capital and home of the U.S. Naval Academy.
DIRECTIONS TO UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND INN AND CONFERENCE CENTER
>From National (DCA) Airport:
Upon leaving the airport, follow the signs to Washington, D.C.
using the George Washington Parkway. Stay on the Parkway until
you see the I-495 Rockville exit. Follow 495 until you get to
the New Hampshire Avenue exit. Take the New Hampshire/Takoma Park
exit. Stay on New Hampshire Avenue and make a left at the 2nd
light onto Adelphi Road. Drive approximately 3 miles on Adelphi
Road through 2 traffic lights. At the third light, make a left
turn onto University Boulevard and an immediate right into the
parking garage. The building is marked University College
Center of Adult Education.
>From BWI Airport:
Upon exiting the airport follow signs for I-95 (towards Washington).
I-95 will take you to 95 South. Follow 95 South approximately
30 miles. Stay on 95 South until you get to the Route 1
South/College Park exit (Exit 25B). Follow Route 1 to the
1st exit for the University of Maryland (Systems Administration).
Take this exit (193) which immediately turns into University Boulevard.
Keep on University Boulevard and go through 2 traffic lights.
At the 3rd light (intersection of University Boulevard & Adelphi
Road) make a U-turn and an immediate right into the parking garage.
The building is marked University College Center of Adult Education.
>From Dulles (IAD) Airport:
Upon leaving the airport, follow the signs towards Washington, D.C.
until you see the signs for I-495. Take the exit towards Rockville.
Follow 495 until you get to the exit for New Hampshire Avenue.
Take the New Hampshire/Takoma Park exit. Stay on New Hampshire
Avenue and make a left at the 2nd light onto Adelphi Road.
Drive approximately 3 miles on Adelphi Road through 2 traffic
ligths. At the third light, make a left turn onto University
Boulevard and an immediate right into the parking garage.
The building is marked University College Center of Adult Education.
ACCOMMODATIONS
The conference facility is the Inn and Conference Center at the University or Maryland. To make a room reservation at the Inn and Conference Center, please use the registration form on the next page. Additional rooms are available at the Greenbelt Marriott at $97 - $112 for a regular room and $107 - $122 for an upgraded concierge room. Marriott Reservations: (301) 441-3700. Quality Inn has rooms for $44 - $49. Please ask for University of Maryland rates. Quality Inn Reservations: (301) 864-5820. Reservations at these facilities should be made directly.
***************************************************************************** ICCS'94 REGISTRATION FORM
Name: ___________________________________________________
Affiliation: ________________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Telephone: ___________________________
Tax: ________________________________
e-mail: ______________________________
___ $325 Conference fee (excl. workshops) before 7/15/94 ___ $370 Conference fee (excl. workshops) after 7/15/94 ___ $125 Student fee (excl. workshops) before 7/15/94 ___ $175 Student fee (excl. workshops) after 7/15/94 ___ $50 PEIRCEWorkshop ___ $40 PEIRCE Workshop, student ___ $35 Knowledge Acquisition Workshop ___ $25 Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, student ___ $35 Enterprise Modeling Workshop _ $25 Enterprise Modeling Workshop, student
Amount Enclosed: $________________
Conference fee includes proceedings and receptions.
Payment must accompany the registration form. Checks must be in US dollars only and payable to ICCS'94. Please do not send cash. CREDIT CARDS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. Students must provide a copy of a student I.D. card or a letter from an advisor for proof of student status.
RETURN BY JULY 15, 1994 TO: Johanna Weinstein UMIACS University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA Tel.: (301) 405-6722. Fax: (301) 314-9658 e-mail: johanna@umiacs.umd.edu
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HOTEL RESERVATION FORM ICCS'94 August 16-20, 1994 The Inn and Conference Center University of Maryland University College
Please reserve the following accommodations:
___ $69 Single Occupancy
___ $84 Double Occupancy
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SEND BY JULY 15, 1994 TO: Reservations The Inn and Conference Center University of Maryland University College College Park, MD 20742, USA Tel.: (301) 985-7310, Fax: (301) 985-7445